ROUND 3: Science - Science and Punishment

This round is about scientists who were prosecuted, persecuted, or killed, 
sometimes, but not always, for their scientific work.


1. Convicted of heresy in 1633 for his astronomical theories, this
   scientist spent the rest of his life under house arrest.

A. Galileo


2. Antoine Lavoisier was one of the founders of modern chemistry;
   among other things he advanced the theory that fire is a
   reaction combining other substances with oxygen, a name that he
   invented along with hydrogen.  Then he was executed.  Why?

A. He was on the wrong side in the French Revolution
   (accept anything along these lines)

	(This was during the Reign of Terror.  The specific complaint
	was his connection with a company that had collected taxes for
	the crown.)


3. This German-born British physicist served 9 years in prison,
   just for telling the Soviets how to make an atom bomb!  After
   his release for good behavior, he moved to East Germany.

A. Klaus Fuchs


4. The Soviets went on to develop a hydrogen bomb, for which this
   physicist was chiefly responsible.  He was greatly honoured,
   until he started expressing the wrong political views.  Then he
   was sentenced to internal exile, and from 1979 to 1986 lived in
   Gorky with severe limits on his communications.  Name him.

A. Andrei Sakharov


5. Alan Turing, one of the founders of computer science, was
   convicted of "gross indecency", which is to say homosexuality,
   in 1952, and apparently committed suicide two years later. 
   What alternative sentence to incarceration had he undergone in
   the meantime?

A. Hormone injections (estrogen, supposed to reduce the libido:
   accept any description like "chemical castration")

 

6. The first female mathematician of any importance was also a
   philosopher, the head of a neo-Platonist school in Alexandria.
   She was murdered in 415, some say by a mob, or it might have
   been a fanatical sect of monks, but by Christians in any case.
   Name her.

A. Hypatia


7. Name the Canadian ballistic expert who was working on a 
   so-called supergun for Iraq when he was assassinated, allegedly
   by the Israelis.

A. Gerard Bull


8. This biologist was murdered in 1985, presumably because she
   spoke out against the poaching of gorillas.  Name her.

A. Dian Fossey


9. This Greek scientist and engineer was killed by a Roman soldier 
   in 212 BC.  Allegedly he was working on a diagram and told the
   soldier to keep away from it.  Name the scientist.

A. Archimedes


10. Although the story is disputed in some quarters, two Chinese
    astronomers named Hsi and Ho were allegedly executed in or
    around 2,134 BC.  Why?

A. Failure to predict an eclipse