ROUND 8: SCIENCE

1. The subject of this round is myology. Myology is the branch of medical 
   science that deals with the structure and function of what body system?

A. muscles


2. It is generally accepted that there are two basic types of muscle fibers, 
   one oriented to short bursts of exertion such as sprinting, the other to 
   activities that require endurance, such as long-distance running. 
   What are these two fibre types called?

A. fast-twitch; slow-twitch


3. There are three types of muscle tissue, one of which is cardiac 
   muscle tissue. What are the other two?

A. smooth/involuntary; skeletal/striated/striped/voluntary


4. During normal or aerobic muscle metabolism, glycogen, a major 
   muscle energy source, is broken down into what substance, used to 
   maintain cell metabolism?

A. ATP (adenosine triphosphate)


5. If glycogen metabolism occurs in the absence of sufficient oxygen 
   (that is, anaerobic metabolism), as in high intensity exertion, 
   the glycogen is broken down into what substance instead of ATP? 
   It provides an important muscle energy source, but can also be 
   responsible for a burning sensation and muscle fatigue.

A. lactic acid


6. In which part of the body would you find the gastrocnemius 
   (gas-trok-NEE-me-us) and soleus muscles?

A. calf (lower leg)


7. What name is given to the following four muscles taken as a group: 
   rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medius, and vastus intermedius?

A. quadriceps


8. What name is given to the group of muscles, lying below the deltoid, 
   that attach to the shoulder blade, and wrap around the front, 
   back, and top of the shoulder.

A. rotator cuff


9. Name the large, flat triangular muscle on the back of the 
   neck and upper trunk. It is the most superficial muscle 
  (that is, closest to the skin) at this location in the body.

A. trapezius


10. The masseter and temporalis muscles enable what bodily function?

A. chewing (opening and closing the jaw)